1. What percent of the body is smooth muscle? Striated muscle? 5-10% is smooth muscle and 40% is striated muscle.
2. Name 3 types of muscle proteins. What is the function of each? Stroma-functions solely as an inert structural element. Cellular- Contractile-essential for contraction
3. What is a myofibril? An independent cylindrical element that runs the length of the muscle fiber.
4. Sketch a picture of a sarcomere. Label the I-band, the A-band, the Z-line and the H-zone.
5. Name the two filaments that make up a sarcomere. The thick filament and the thin filament.
6. Draw a sarcomere at rest, stretched out and contracted.
7. What is the sliding filament theory? It states that muscle contraction results from the relative movement of the thick and thin filaments past each other.
8. Muscle relaxation ensues upon the removal of what? Calcium ions.
Tuesday, May 13, 2008
Monday, May 5, 2008
1. Corpus luteum-a yellow, progesterone-secreting mass of cells that forms from an ovarian follicle after the release of a mature egg
2. Epididymis-a long, narrow, convoluted tube, part of the spermatic duct system, that lies on the posterior aspect of each testicle, connecting it to the vas deferens
3. Gonad-sex gland in which gametes are produced; an ovary or testis
4. Meiosis-part of the process of gamete formation, consisting of chromosome conjugation and two cell divisions, in the course of which the diploid chromosome number becomes reduced to the haploid
5. Oocyte-an immature egg cell of the animal ovary
6. Ovary-the female gonad or reproductive gland, in which the ova and the hormones that regulate female secondary sex characteristics develop
7. Placenta-the organ in most mammals, formed in the lining of the uterus by the union of the uterine mucous membrane with the membranes of the fetus, that provides for the nourishment of the fetus and the elimination of its waste products
8. Scrotum-the pouch of skin that contains the testes
9. Seminiferous tubule-any of the coiled tubules of the testis in which spermatozoa are produced
10. Testis-the male gonad or reproductive gland, either of two oval glands located in the scrotum
11. Vulva-the external female genitalia
12. Blastocyst-the blastula of the mammalian embryo, consisting of an inner cell mass, a cavity, and an outer layer, the trophoblast
13. Embryo-the young of a viviparous animal, esp. of a mammal, in the early stages of development within the womb, in humans up to the end of the second month
14. Fetus-the young of an animal in the womb or egg, esp. in the later stages of development when the body structures are in the recognizable form of its kind, in humans after the end of the second month of gestation
15. Implantation-the attachment of the early embryo to the lining of the uterus
16. Lactation-the secretion or formation of milk
17. Umbilical cord-a cord or funicle connecting the embryo or fetus with the placenta of the mother and transporting nourishment from the mother and wastes from the fetus
18. Yolk sac-an extraembryonic membrane that encloses the yolk of eggs in birds, reptiles, and marsupials and that circulates nourishment from the yolk to the developing embryo
19. Zygote-the cell produced by the union of two gametes, before it undergoes cleavage
20. Ultrasound-using the reflections of high-frequency sound waves to construct an image of a body organ (a sonogram); commonly used to observe fetal growth or study bodily organs
2. Epididymis-a long, narrow, convoluted tube, part of the spermatic duct system, that lies on the posterior aspect of each testicle, connecting it to the vas deferens
3. Gonad-sex gland in which gametes are produced; an ovary or testis
4. Meiosis-part of the process of gamete formation, consisting of chromosome conjugation and two cell divisions, in the course of which the diploid chromosome number becomes reduced to the haploid
5. Oocyte-an immature egg cell of the animal ovary
6. Ovary-the female gonad or reproductive gland, in which the ova and the hormones that regulate female secondary sex characteristics develop
7. Placenta-the organ in most mammals, formed in the lining of the uterus by the union of the uterine mucous membrane with the membranes of the fetus, that provides for the nourishment of the fetus and the elimination of its waste products
8. Scrotum-the pouch of skin that contains the testes
9. Seminiferous tubule-any of the coiled tubules of the testis in which spermatozoa are produced
10. Testis-the male gonad or reproductive gland, either of two oval glands located in the scrotum
11. Vulva-the external female genitalia
12. Blastocyst-the blastula of the mammalian embryo, consisting of an inner cell mass, a cavity, and an outer layer, the trophoblast
13. Embryo-the young of a viviparous animal, esp. of a mammal, in the early stages of development within the womb, in humans up to the end of the second month
14. Fetus-the young of an animal in the womb or egg, esp. in the later stages of development when the body structures are in the recognizable form of its kind, in humans after the end of the second month of gestation
15. Implantation-the attachment of the early embryo to the lining of the uterus
16. Lactation-the secretion or formation of milk
17. Umbilical cord-a cord or funicle connecting the embryo or fetus with the placenta of the mother and transporting nourishment from the mother and wastes from the fetus
18. Yolk sac-an extraembryonic membrane that encloses the yolk of eggs in birds, reptiles, and marsupials and that circulates nourishment from the yolk to the developing embryo
19. Zygote-the cell produced by the union of two gametes, before it undergoes cleavage
20. Ultrasound-using the reflections of high-frequency sound waves to construct an image of a body organ (a sonogram); commonly used to observe fetal growth or study bodily organs
Male nad Female reproduction system worksheet
(1)What is the purpose of the reproductive system? production of offspring
(2)What is the function of the ovaries? produce the ova and the female hormones
(3)What is the structure that connects the ovaries to the uterus?
(4)What is the name of the lining of the uterus? the fallopian tubes
(5)Name the three parts of the uterus and where they are located. the fundus which is the uppermost or the top portion of the uterus the body which is the middle portion and the cervix which is the neck like portion
(6)What is the female organ of copulation? the vagina
(7)Sketch a picture of the female reproductive system. Include the following: bladder, ovary, uterus, fallopian tube, urethra, vagina.
(8)What is the male organ of copulation? the penis
(9)What are the two functions of the urethra in the male? passes urine and semen out of the body
(10)What are the two functions of the testes? production of sperm cells and secretion of an endocrine substance the male sex hormone
(11)What is the name of the structure where the testes are located? the scrotum
(12)Why are the testes located outside the body? so the semen dosen't die away
(13)Where do sperm mature? the epididymis
(14)What is the vas deferens? a small tube which connects the epididymis and ejaculatory duct
(15)What is the structure that secretes and stores a fluid releases at the time of ejaculation? the seminal vesicles
(16)What are the functions of the prostate gland? secretes and alkaline fluid to keep the sperm mobile and protect them from the acid in the male urethra
(17)What is semen? it's made up of sperm cells and secretions from the seminal vesicles prostate and cowper's glands
(18)Sketch a picture of the male reproductive system. Include the following: penis, seminal vesicles, epididymis, cowper’s gland, testes, scrotum, vas deferens, urethra, prostate, ejaculatory duct. You guys will need to do this in paint. Sorry, but I
human development video questions
(1) name the molecule that carries our genes? DNA
(2)genes are located in the? DNA
(3)what is the average number of sperm the average man produces in a second? 1,000
(4)how can one person produce so many different combinations of genes?miosis
(5) most human cells have a total number of 46 chromosomes
(6)the gene shuffling that occurs from mitosis results ina great amount of this? diversity
(7)where in the female reproductive tract does the egg wait for fertilization? fallopian tubes.
(8)how does the egg move through the fallopian tube? muscular contraction
(9)approximately how many sperm are contained within one teaspoon of seminal liquid? 300 million
(10)what are some of the challanges that sperm face once entering into the vagina? because of acidity they must escape or die.
(11)describe the milestone event that takes place two weeks after conception? gasterolation
(12)describe the size and physical charteristics of the fetus at 4 and 1/2 weeks following conception? it's an 1/5 of an inch long the backbone curves like a tail and the brain is developing and on the side of the face is an eye.
(13)if the dna ina single cell were stretched out how long would it be? 6 ft long
(14)after about how many weeks can doctors determine the sex of the baby through ultrasound? 18 weeks
(15)aside from the ultrasound how can a doctor determine the sex of a baby? chromosomes
(16) at what point does the embryo become a fetus? starting 2 months after being fertilized
(17) when does placenta begin to form? in the early weeks
(18) what is the fetus's job in the last trimester? to grow
(19)why are human births so much more dangerous than other mammals? because the brain is 3-4 times larger and we have a more narrow pelvis.
(2)genes are located in the? DNA
(3)what is the average number of sperm the average man produces in a second? 1,000
(4)how can one person produce so many different combinations of genes?miosis
(5) most human cells have a total number of 46 chromosomes
(6)the gene shuffling that occurs from mitosis results ina great amount of this? diversity
(7)where in the female reproductive tract does the egg wait for fertilization? fallopian tubes.
(8)how does the egg move through the fallopian tube? muscular contraction
(9)approximately how many sperm are contained within one teaspoon of seminal liquid? 300 million
(10)what are some of the challanges that sperm face once entering into the vagina? because of acidity they must escape or die.
(11)describe the milestone event that takes place two weeks after conception? gasterolation
(12)describe the size and physical charteristics of the fetus at 4 and 1/2 weeks following conception? it's an 1/5 of an inch long the backbone curves like a tail and the brain is developing and on the side of the face is an eye.
(13)if the dna ina single cell were stretched out how long would it be? 6 ft long
(14)after about how many weeks can doctors determine the sex of the baby through ultrasound? 18 weeks
(15)aside from the ultrasound how can a doctor determine the sex of a baby? chromosomes
(16) at what point does the embryo become a fetus? starting 2 months after being fertilized
(17) when does placenta begin to form? in the early weeks
(18) what is the fetus's job in the last trimester? to grow
(19)why are human births so much more dangerous than other mammals? because the brain is 3-4 times larger and we have a more narrow pelvis.
Hormonal control of the menstrual cycle work sheet
(1) What is a hormone? a chemical which is produced in one part of the body and has an affect on another.
(2) what system is responsible for the production of hormones? reproductive system
(3)sketch a picture of the female reproductive system include the oviduct ovaries yterus cervix and vagina.
(4)where does the embryo undergo most of it's development? the uterus
(5)what is another name for the fallopian tube? oviduct
(6)where does fertilization take place? in the fallopian tubes
(7)what is ovulation? a process in which an egg is released from the ovary
(8) what is the follicle converted to? a corpus luteum
(9)what happens during the flow phase? hormone production by the ovaries ceases and the uterine lining sloughs off.
(10)what happens during the follicular phase? The developing follicle enlarges and produces a hormone which causes the uterine lining to thicken
(11) what happens during the luteal phase? a hormone from the pituitary converts the follicle to a corpus luteum. the corpus luteum produces a hormone which causes the uterine lining to develop further.
(12)what happens to the uterine lining during the first phase?it sheds
(13)what are the four hormones that control the menstrual cycle? FSH,LH, Estrogen and Progestrone
(14)As FSH increases in concentration in the blood, the follicle is? developing
(15) when the follicle ruptures it releases what? Egg
(16)what is considered the hormone of pregnacy? Progestrone
(17)what is the rhythm method? there is a period of 3-4 days when pregnacy can occur, after ovulation the egg remains fertile for about 24 hrs. and sperm can remain fertile for about 48 hrs. or more.
(18)what do you call a couple using the rhythm method? parents
(19)what is menopause? what causes it? the halting of the menstrual cycle which occurs around the age of 45-50 in most women. the cause is the cessation of LH secretion by the pituitary.
(20)when does fertilization occur?after ovulation
(21)when is zygote formed? when fertilization occures
(22)what is placenta? the organ which is made of embryo and uterine tissues that aids in exchange of materials.
(2) what system is responsible for the production of hormones? reproductive system
(3)sketch a picture of the female reproductive system include the oviduct ovaries yterus cervix and vagina.
(4)where does the embryo undergo most of it's development? the uterus
(5)what is another name for the fallopian tube? oviduct
(6)where does fertilization take place? in the fallopian tubes
(7)what is ovulation? a process in which an egg is released from the ovary
(8) what is the follicle converted to? a corpus luteum
(9)what happens during the flow phase? hormone production by the ovaries ceases and the uterine lining sloughs off.
(10)what happens during the follicular phase? The developing follicle enlarges and produces a hormone which causes the uterine lining to thicken
(11) what happens during the luteal phase? a hormone from the pituitary converts the follicle to a corpus luteum. the corpus luteum produces a hormone which causes the uterine lining to develop further.
(12)what happens to the uterine lining during the first phase?it sheds
(13)what are the four hormones that control the menstrual cycle? FSH,LH, Estrogen and Progestrone
(14)As FSH increases in concentration in the blood, the follicle is? developing
(15) when the follicle ruptures it releases what? Egg
(16)what is considered the hormone of pregnacy? Progestrone
(17)what is the rhythm method? there is a period of 3-4 days when pregnacy can occur, after ovulation the egg remains fertile for about 24 hrs. and sperm can remain fertile for about 48 hrs. or more.
(18)what do you call a couple using the rhythm method? parents
(19)what is menopause? what causes it? the halting of the menstrual cycle which occurs around the age of 45-50 in most women. the cause is the cessation of LH secretion by the pituitary.
(20)when does fertilization occur?after ovulation
(21)when is zygote formed? when fertilization occures
(22)what is placenta? the organ which is made of embryo and uterine tissues that aids in exchange of materials.
Tuesday, April 22, 2008
Digestive and Urinary questions in text
PG 735-736
Critical Thinking
(3) What effect is a before-dinner alcoholic cocktail likely to have on digestion? Why are such beverages inadvisable for persons with ulcers? They are inadvisable because your body will get dehydrated before you eat so it will take your body longer to digest.
REVIEW QUESTIONS
(1) List and describe the locations of the major parts of the alimentary canal. Stomach small intestine large intetine.
(2)Name the four layers of the wall of the alimentary canal? esophagus stomach small intestine large intestine rectum
(5) Define Peristalsis? Mucous membrane , submucosa, muscular layer, serosa
(7)Describe the general effects of the parasympathetic and synpathetic impulses on the alimentary canal? Parasympathetic increases the activities of the digestive system, Sympathetic is the opposite.
(12)Describe the structure of a tooth?Enamel crown, dentin, pulp cavity gingiva alveolar, root canal root cementum
Explain the mechanism of vomitting? Results from a complex reflex that empties the stomach another way. irration or distension in the stomach or intestines can trigger it.
PG 855
REVIEW QUESTIONS
(1)Name the organsof the urinary system and list their general functions?kidneys ureters urethra bladder.
(3)List the functions of the kidney? Produce urine
(9)Distinguish among filtration reabsorption and secretion as they relate to urine formation?They all work together to keep your body balanced.
(16)Define autoregulation? ability of an organ or tissue to maintain a constant blood flow in spite of changing arterial blood pressure.
(34)Describe the structure and function of a ureter? Carries urine from kidney to bladder.
(36)Discuss what happens if ureter becomes obstructed? You will get a kidney infection.
(37)Describe the structure and location of the urinary bladder? Stores urine until the ready to be extracted.
(40) Compare the urethra of a female with that of a male? The female is alot shorter than the male also the male has two functions , urinate and ejaculate.
Critical Thinking
(3) What effect is a before-dinner alcoholic cocktail likely to have on digestion? Why are such beverages inadvisable for persons with ulcers? They are inadvisable because your body will get dehydrated before you eat so it will take your body longer to digest.
REVIEW QUESTIONS
(1) List and describe the locations of the major parts of the alimentary canal. Stomach small intestine large intetine.
(2)Name the four layers of the wall of the alimentary canal? esophagus stomach small intestine large intestine rectum
(5) Define Peristalsis? Mucous membrane , submucosa, muscular layer, serosa
(7)Describe the general effects of the parasympathetic and synpathetic impulses on the alimentary canal? Parasympathetic increases the activities of the digestive system, Sympathetic is the opposite.
(12)Describe the structure of a tooth?Enamel crown, dentin, pulp cavity gingiva alveolar, root canal root cementum
Explain the mechanism of vomitting? Results from a complex reflex that empties the stomach another way. irration or distension in the stomach or intestines can trigger it.
PG 855
REVIEW QUESTIONS
(1)Name the organsof the urinary system and list their general functions?kidneys ureters urethra bladder.
(3)List the functions of the kidney? Produce urine
(9)Distinguish among filtration reabsorption and secretion as they relate to urine formation?They all work together to keep your body balanced.
(16)Define autoregulation? ability of an organ or tissue to maintain a constant blood flow in spite of changing arterial blood pressure.
(34)Describe the structure and function of a ureter? Carries urine from kidney to bladder.
(36)Discuss what happens if ureter becomes obstructed? You will get a kidney infection.
(37)Describe the structure and location of the urinary bladder? Stores urine until the ready to be extracted.
(40) Compare the urethra of a female with that of a male? The female is alot shorter than the male also the male has two functions , urinate and ejaculate.
Thursday, April 17, 2008
Basic urinary anatomy worksheet
(1)What are three functions of the kidneys?Filters all matter from the blood not just waste products selectively reabsorbs all the substances that the body can make use of eliments waste products in blood form the urine
(2)What is the protective layer around the kidney?peri-renal capsule
(3)What is the outer layer of the kidney?cortex
(4)What is the urine collection system of the kidney?medulla
(5)What is the dilated end of the ureters called?pelvis
(6)What is the function of the bladder?to store urine
(7)What transports urine in males? Females? the urethra transports urine in males and females the only diffrence is the females urethra dosen't transport semen and is only 1.5-2in length instead of 7-8 in.
(2)What is the protective layer around the kidney?peri-renal capsule
(3)What is the outer layer of the kidney?cortex
(4)What is the urine collection system of the kidney?medulla
(5)What is the dilated end of the ureters called?pelvis
(6)What is the function of the bladder?to store urine
(7)What transports urine in males? Females? the urethra transports urine in males and females the only diffrence is the females urethra dosen't transport semen and is only 1.5-2in length instead of 7-8 in.
The digestive system worksheet
(1)What is the digestive tract? A long, continuous tube with food first entering at the mouth
(2)What happens to undigested materials in the digestive tract? It exits out the anus along with dead cells, bacteria and other waste products
.3. Sketch the path that food takes through the digestive tract. Be sure to include the mouth, esophagus, stomach, duodenum, small intestine, appendix, large intestine rectum, and all 4 sphincters.
4. What is the function of the mouth in the digestion process? It brings the food into the body and breaks it down.
5. What is the term for the small mass of food that enters into the esophagus? Bolus
6. What triggers peristalsis? The presence of the bolus in the esophagus.
7. What is the function of the cardiac sphincter? It closes the entrance to the stomach and prevents its contents from re-entering the esophagus.
8. What is the mucous membrane? A protective layer that lines the entire digestive tract.
9. How long is the small intestine? Over 20 feet.
10. Where does most digestion and absorption of nutrients take place? In the small intestine.
11. What increase the surface area of the small intestine? Villi
12. What is the first section of the small intestine? What is its function? The duodenum. its receptors can detect the presences of hypo- and hyper-tonic solutions, acid and chemical changes in the chyme which, via the duodenum, affect the action of the entire gastrointestinal tract.
13. Where is bile stored? In the gallbladder
14. What is segmentation? A muscle contraction that breaks up the intestinal contents and mixes them with the digestive juices.
15. When does the ileocecal sphincter open? When the amount of food in the small intestine begins to build up.
16. What is the function of the anal sphincter? Stops waste from leaving the body until you want it to.
17. What is the function of the appendix in humans? There is no function for it in humans.
18. Where does digestion begin? In the mouth
19. What is gastric juice made of? A mixture of hydrochloric acid
20. Where are enzymes released in the small intestine produced? By the pancreas or the the intestinal glands
21. What is the function of the following enzymes: amylase, lactase, maltase, sucrase, and lipase? Amylase- completes the process of hydrolyzing starch; Maltase
22. There are two ways that nutrients get into the blood stream. Describe each method. Some diffuse across the intestinal membranes and into the blood simply by flowing along the concetration gradient. Others must be forced through the membrane against a gradient, since their concentration in the blood is alreadt greater than it is in the intestinal lumen.
(2)What happens to undigested materials in the digestive tract? It exits out the anus along with dead cells, bacteria and other waste products
.3. Sketch the path that food takes through the digestive tract. Be sure to include the mouth, esophagus, stomach, duodenum, small intestine, appendix, large intestine rectum, and all 4 sphincters.
4. What is the function of the mouth in the digestion process? It brings the food into the body and breaks it down.
5. What is the term for the small mass of food that enters into the esophagus? Bolus
6. What triggers peristalsis? The presence of the bolus in the esophagus.
7. What is the function of the cardiac sphincter? It closes the entrance to the stomach and prevents its contents from re-entering the esophagus.
8. What is the mucous membrane? A protective layer that lines the entire digestive tract.
9. How long is the small intestine? Over 20 feet.
10. Where does most digestion and absorption of nutrients take place? In the small intestine.
11. What increase the surface area of the small intestine? Villi
12. What is the first section of the small intestine? What is its function? The duodenum. its receptors can detect the presences of hypo- and hyper-tonic solutions, acid and chemical changes in the chyme which, via the duodenum, affect the action of the entire gastrointestinal tract.
13. Where is bile stored? In the gallbladder
14. What is segmentation? A muscle contraction that breaks up the intestinal contents and mixes them with the digestive juices.
15. When does the ileocecal sphincter open? When the amount of food in the small intestine begins to build up.
16. What is the function of the anal sphincter? Stops waste from leaving the body until you want it to.
17. What is the function of the appendix in humans? There is no function for it in humans.
18. Where does digestion begin? In the mouth
19. What is gastric juice made of? A mixture of hydrochloric acid
20. Where are enzymes released in the small intestine produced? By the pancreas or the the intestinal glands
21. What is the function of the following enzymes: amylase, lactase, maltase, sucrase, and lipase? Amylase- completes the process of hydrolyzing starch; Maltase
22. There are two ways that nutrients get into the blood stream. Describe each method. Some diffuse across the intestinal membranes and into the blood simply by flowing along the concetration gradient. Others must be forced through the membrane against a gradient, since their concentration in the blood is alreadt greater than it is in the intestinal lumen.
Monday, April 7, 2008
Basic Respiratory Worksheet
(1)What are the two entrances for oxygen to enter the respiratory system? Nose and mouth
(2)Where does the air go to from the nose and mouth? pharynx
(3)In between the pharynx and the trachea what structure does this lesson leave out? larynx
(4)Where is the trachea located in reference to the esophagus? anterior
(5)What structures moisten the air in the Respiratory System? Nose and mouth
(6)What is the name for the small air sacs at the end of the bronchioles? alveoli
(7)Where does gas exchange take place in the lungs? The capillaries
(8)What is the main muscle of respiration? diaphragm
(9)What happens when we inhale? Exhale? The diaphragm contracts;the diaphragm relaxes
(10)Sketch a picture of the respiratory system. Include the following structures: nose, mouth, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchus, bronchioles, alveoli and lungs.
(2)Where does the air go to from the nose and mouth? pharynx
(3)In between the pharynx and the trachea what structure does this lesson leave out? larynx
(4)Where is the trachea located in reference to the esophagus? anterior
(5)What structures moisten the air in the Respiratory System? Nose and mouth
(6)What is the name for the small air sacs at the end of the bronchioles? alveoli
(7)Where does gas exchange take place in the lungs? The capillaries
(8)What is the main muscle of respiration? diaphragm
(9)What happens when we inhale? Exhale? The diaphragm contracts;the diaphragm relaxes
(10)Sketch a picture of the respiratory system. Include the following structures: nose, mouth, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchus, bronchioles, alveoli and lungs.
The heart worksheet
(1)All vertebrates have what type of circulatory system? Closed circulatory system
(2)How does the circulatory system maintain homeostasis? Through water and electrolyte transport, fluid volume control, and regulation of ph and of body temp.
(3)Name 4 functions of the circulatory system. Heart- central organ of circulatory system, Arteries- which carry blood from the heart, Veins – which return blood to the heart, Capillaries- which connect arteries and veins.
(4)What are blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart called? Arteries
(5)What are blood vessels that carry blood to the heart called? Veins
(6)What is the sac that surrounds the heart called? pericardium
(7)What is the muscular portion of the heart called? Myocardium
(8)What is the lining of the myocardium called? Endocardium
(9)What is the name of the upper cavities of the heart? The lower cavities? Upper cavities- atria(singular atrium) lower cavities- ventricles
(10)What veins carry blood to the left atrium? The right atrium? The superior vena cava and inferior vena cava carry blood to the right atrium. The pulmonary veins carry’s blood to the left atrium
(11)What arteries carry blood away from the left ventricle? The right ventricle? The pulmonary artery on the right side. The aorta on the left side
(2)How does the circulatory system maintain homeostasis? Through water and electrolyte transport, fluid volume control, and regulation of ph and of body temp.
(3)Name 4 functions of the circulatory system. Heart- central organ of circulatory system, Arteries- which carry blood from the heart, Veins – which return blood to the heart, Capillaries- which connect arteries and veins.
(4)What are blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart called? Arteries
(5)What are blood vessels that carry blood to the heart called? Veins
(6)What is the sac that surrounds the heart called? pericardium
(7)What is the muscular portion of the heart called? Myocardium
(8)What is the lining of the myocardium called? Endocardium
(9)What is the name of the upper cavities of the heart? The lower cavities? Upper cavities- atria(singular atrium) lower cavities- ventricles
(10)What veins carry blood to the left atrium? The right atrium? The superior vena cava and inferior vena cava carry blood to the right atrium. The pulmonary veins carry’s blood to the left atrium
(11)What arteries carry blood away from the left ventricle? The right ventricle? The pulmonary artery on the right side. The aorta on the left side
Monday, March 24, 2008
Basic eye anatomy worksheet
(1)The eye is part of which nervous system? central
(2)What types of tissues give the eye protection? Fatty and connective
(3)What structure in the eye produces tears? Lacrimal glands
(4)What acts as an antibacterial layer in the eye? The conjunctiva
(5)What is the cornea? The anterior portion of the sclera
(6)What layer of the eye contains the rods and cones? The retina
(7)What is the function of the rods? The cones? Rods for night vision; cones for daylight vision and color vision
(8)What is the colored part of the eye? The iris
(9)What structure allows light to enter the eye? The pupil
(10)Sketch picture of eye with following labeled: lacrimal glands, eyelashes, iris, pupil, cornea, lens, eyelid, sclera, choroids, optic nerve, and
(2)What types of tissues give the eye protection? Fatty and connective
(3)What structure in the eye produces tears? Lacrimal glands
(4)What acts as an antibacterial layer in the eye? The conjunctiva
(5)What is the cornea? The anterior portion of the sclera
(6)What layer of the eye contains the rods and cones? The retina
(7)What is the function of the rods? The cones? Rods for night vision; cones for daylight vision and color vision
(8)What is the colored part of the eye? The iris
(9)What structure allows light to enter the eye? The pupil
(10)Sketch picture of eye with following labeled: lacrimal glands, eyelashes, iris, pupil, cornea, lens, eyelid, sclera, choroids, optic nerve, and
Basic ear anatomy worksheet
(1)
(2)What is the function of the following:
Pinna –Directs sound waves into the auditory canal
tympanic membrane –turns sound waves into sound vibrations
ossicles –magnify’s the sound vibrations
cochlea –movement of the fluids
semicircular canals-Balance of the body, sends impulses to the brain to let it know your body is off balance, your brain would send a message out of your body to correct itself
(3)What three bones make up the ossicles? The Malleus, the incus, and the stapes
(4)What is the function of hairs in the ear? They stimulate nerve impulses to be sent to the brain by way of the auditory nerve
(2)What is the function of the following:
Pinna –Directs sound waves into the auditory canal
tympanic membrane –turns sound waves into sound vibrations
ossicles –magnify’s the sound vibrations
cochlea –movement of the fluids
semicircular canals-Balance of the body, sends impulses to the brain to let it know your body is off balance, your brain would send a message out of your body to correct itself
(3)What three bones make up the ossicles? The Malleus, the incus, and the stapes
(4)What is the function of hairs in the ear? They stimulate nerve impulses to be sent to the brain by way of the auditory nerve
Wednesday, March 19, 2008
Basic Nervous system worksheet
What does CNS and PNS stand for? Central nervous system Peripheral nervous system
What are the parts of the CNS? The brain and spinal cord
Describe something that you do on a regular basis that your PNS controls. Eat and breathe
What are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system and what does each control? The autonomic nervous system is divided into two parts the sympathetic and the parasympathetic nervous system
What are the three main types of neurons? What is the function of each? sensory neuron- takes impulse to CNS, motor neuron-leaves first neuron and now is traveling within the CNS, interneuron-takes the response impulse from the CNS for an action
What is the function of the axon of a nerve cell? The dendrite? The axon is the sending end of the neuron and the dendrite is the receiving end of the neuron.
What is a synapse? Transfers the impulse from one neuron to another.
Sketch a neuron and label the axon and the dendrite
What are the parts of the CNS? The brain and spinal cord
Describe something that you do on a regular basis that your PNS controls. Eat and breathe
What are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system and what does each control? The autonomic nervous system is divided into two parts the sympathetic and the parasympathetic nervous system
What are the three main types of neurons? What is the function of each? sensory neuron- takes impulse to CNS, motor neuron-leaves first neuron and now is traveling within the CNS, interneuron-takes the response impulse from the CNS for an action
What is the function of the axon of a nerve cell? The dendrite? The axon is the sending end of the neuron and the dendrite is the receiving end of the neuron.
What is a synapse? Transfers the impulse from one neuron to another.
Sketch a neuron and label the axon and the dendrite
Monday, March 3, 2008
Article on steroids
Steroids, half of the MLB players are using them, unlike the NBA or NFL both which ban and test the use of steroids. The NHL does neither and the MLB has no steroid policy. Basically the players in the baseball leauge and the hockey leauge can use steroids and won't be punished for using them.Steroids has helped build the best slugging era the game of baseball has ever seen. No one denies that it is a problem but it is. In the MLB they don't have the right to test players for steroids, so i say let them use the steroids because after all it is their body.
There is a mental edge that comes with the use of steroids and it makes you more intense. If it was up to me i would ban the use of steroids because to me it's like cheating. That's my opinion and everyone is entitled to one but i feel like if you have to use steroids then you are no type of pro player. I feel if you use steroids you are cheating yourself and your fellow players. With that said i think they should test for steroids in all sports pro and college.
There is a mental edge that comes with the use of steroids and it makes you more intense. If it was up to me i would ban the use of steroids because to me it's like cheating. That's my opinion and everyone is entitled to one but i feel like if you have to use steroids then you are no type of pro player. I feel if you use steroids you are cheating yourself and your fellow players. With that said i think they should test for steroids in all sports pro and college.
Thursday, February 21, 2008
Basic Joint Anatomy Worksheet
Why is there little to no movement in a fibrous joint? Because the bones that make up the joint are united with fibrous tissue
What is an example of a fibrous joint? The sutures which hold together the bone of the skull
Describe a cartilaginous joint and give an example. Two or more bones joined by Cartilage. The vertebral column.
What type of joint essentially allows free movement? Synovial joint
What lubricates a joint cavity? Synovial fluid
For the following joint types please list the name of the joint type, the type of movement of the joint, the shape of the joint and an example.
Plane joint – glidding, slipping synovial and slightly curved
Hinge joint – two bones joined where the convex end of one bone fits into the complementary concave end of another
Condylar joint –two articular surfaces on each bone known as condyless similar to a hinge joint but also permits other kind of movement
Ball and Socket joint –a bone with a spherical mass on one end joined with a bone possessing a complementary hollow depressions
Ellipsoidal joint – permits movement in a variety of directions
Pivot joint – the end of a bone moving within a ring formed by another bone and connective tissue
Saddle joint- two bones joined each with a convex and concave surface that are complementary.
What is an example of a fibrous joint? The sutures which hold together the bone of the skull
Describe a cartilaginous joint and give an example. Two or more bones joined by Cartilage. The vertebral column.
What type of joint essentially allows free movement? Synovial joint
What lubricates a joint cavity? Synovial fluid
For the following joint types please list the name of the joint type, the type of movement of the joint, the shape of the joint and an example.
Plane joint – glidding, slipping synovial and slightly curved
Hinge joint – two bones joined where the convex end of one bone fits into the complementary concave end of another
Condylar joint –two articular surfaces on each bone known as condyless similar to a hinge joint but also permits other kind of movement
Ball and Socket joint –a bone with a spherical mass on one end joined with a bone possessing a complementary hollow depressions
Ellipsoidal joint – permits movement in a variety of directions
Pivot joint – the end of a bone moving within a ring formed by another bone and connective tissue
Saddle joint- two bones joined each with a convex and concave surface that are complementary.
Basic Skeletal Anatomy Worksheet
Describe the 4 functions of bones. Protection, support, to provide muscle attachment and blood cell production
How many bones are there in the human body?206
What are the two divisions of the skeletal system? Name 5 specific bones in each division. The axial skeleton (skull, clavicle,sternum,pelvis,vertebrael column) the appendicular skeleton ( humerus, radius ulna femur and fibula)
What bone makes up the upper arm? humerus
What bone makes up the face? skull
Name two bones that protect vital internal organs.
What bone in the forearm is always on thumb side? radius
What bone is movable for back muscles to attach to? scapula
What bone is also known as the shin bone? Somewhere around the patella
Sketch a human skeleton and label the following bones: skull, clavicle, sternum, humerus, radius, ulna, patella, femur, tibia, fibula, pelvis, vertebral column, scapula and rib cage.
How many bones are there in the human body?206
What are the two divisions of the skeletal system? Name 5 specific bones in each division. The axial skeleton (skull, clavicle,sternum,pelvis,vertebrael column) the appendicular skeleton ( humerus, radius ulna femur and fibula)
What bone makes up the upper arm? humerus
What bone makes up the face? skull
Name two bones that protect vital internal organs.
What bone in the forearm is always on thumb side? radius
What bone is movable for back muscles to attach to? scapula
What bone is also known as the shin bone? Somewhere around the patella
Sketch a human skeleton and label the following bones: skull, clavicle, sternum, humerus, radius, ulna, patella, femur, tibia, fibula, pelvis, vertebral column, scapula and rib cage.
Tuesday, February 19, 2008
More about Skin worksheet
(1)What is pigmentation? What layer of skin is it associated with? What are the benefits of pigmentation? What are the disadvantages of pigmentation? Skin pigmentation is a disorder that affects the color of your skin. Pigmentation is associated with the epidermis layer of the skin. Some benefits of pigmentation is being able to keep a year round tan because we must reclaim our birthright. Uses of skin graft has inherent disadvantages of mismatched pigmentation between the graft and the surrounding skin and scar formation.
(2)What is botox? What are some of the disadvantages with botox? Would you be willing to risk the harmful effects of botox for your self image? Botox is the brand name of a toxin produced by the bacterium, clostridium, Botulinum in large amounts also known as food poisoning. Disadvantages of Botox is its non sustainability Botox wears off. Costs and inconvenience mount when an apparently simple procedure becomes a regular need. I would not want to risk my health for the harmful affects of botox.
(3)Do all of the products that claim to improve the quality of your skin work? What evidence did you find to support this? Are there any specific products that seem to be more effective than others according to your research? Which ones? Why are they more effective? What were your sources for this information? Could there be possible biases in the information you collected? What are these biases? Why do you think people spend millions of dollars a year on skin care products?
(4)What is balding? Is there a medical term for it? Are there treatments? Do they work? Balding is the state of lacking hair where it usually grows. The medical term for balding is Androgenic Alopecia or Male Pattern Baldness. There are many treatments for male and female balding. Do they work that’s a good question I think they do because it’s plenty of men who use Rogain and they like it.
(2)What is botox? What are some of the disadvantages with botox? Would you be willing to risk the harmful effects of botox for your self image? Botox is the brand name of a toxin produced by the bacterium, clostridium, Botulinum in large amounts also known as food poisoning. Disadvantages of Botox is its non sustainability Botox wears off. Costs and inconvenience mount when an apparently simple procedure becomes a regular need. I would not want to risk my health for the harmful affects of botox.
(3)Do all of the products that claim to improve the quality of your skin work? What evidence did you find to support this? Are there any specific products that seem to be more effective than others according to your research? Which ones? Why are they more effective? What were your sources for this information? Could there be possible biases in the information you collected? What are these biases? Why do you think people spend millions of dollars a year on skin care products?
(4)What is balding? Is there a medical term for it? Are there treatments? Do they work? Balding is the state of lacking hair where it usually grows. The medical term for balding is Androgenic Alopecia or Male Pattern Baldness. There are many treatments for male and female balding. Do they work that’s a good question I think they do because it’s plenty of men who use Rogain and they like it.
Friday, February 8, 2008
Integumentary Questions in Anatomy Text
pg 193 & 194
(4). List six functions of the skin? The skin protects, helps regulate body temperature , houses sensory receptors, synthesizes chemicals, and excretes waste.
(5) Distinguish between the epidermis and the dermis? The epidermis is the outer layer and the dermis is the inner layer.
(6)Describe the subcutaneous layer? Loose connective and adipose tissue
(8)List the layers of the epidermis? Stratum corneum, stratum wadum, stratum granulosum,stratum spinosum, and stratum basle.
(13)Distinguish between the hair and hair folicle?
(15)Describe how nails are formed? Nails grow from epitheilal cell that divide and become keratinized in the lunula
(16)Explain the function of the sebaceous glands? Secrete sebum which helps keep skin and hair soft and water proof
(22) Describe the body's responses to decreasing body temperature? If temp drops below normal dermal blood vessels constrict, causing the skin to lose color and sweat glands become inactive.
(25) Describe three physiological factors that affect skin color? Melanin production, mutant genes, and the enviorment.
(27) distinguish among first, second, and third degree burns? first degree burns are minor burns, second degree burns destroy some of the epidermis as well as the under lying dermis, third degree burns destroy epidermis dermis and accessory organs of the skin.
(28)Describe possible treatments for a third degree burn? the only possible treatment would be autografting.
(29)List three effects of aging on the skin?
(4). List six functions of the skin? The skin protects, helps regulate body temperature , houses sensory receptors, synthesizes chemicals, and excretes waste.
(5) Distinguish between the epidermis and the dermis? The epidermis is the outer layer and the dermis is the inner layer.
(6)Describe the subcutaneous layer? Loose connective and adipose tissue
(8)List the layers of the epidermis? Stratum corneum, stratum wadum, stratum granulosum,stratum spinosum, and stratum basle.
(13)Distinguish between the hair and hair folicle?
(15)Describe how nails are formed? Nails grow from epitheilal cell that divide and become keratinized in the lunula
(16)Explain the function of the sebaceous glands? Secrete sebum which helps keep skin and hair soft and water proof
(22) Describe the body's responses to decreasing body temperature? If temp drops below normal dermal blood vessels constrict, causing the skin to lose color and sweat glands become inactive.
(25) Describe three physiological factors that affect skin color? Melanin production, mutant genes, and the enviorment.
(27) distinguish among first, second, and third degree burns? first degree burns are minor burns, second degree burns destroy some of the epidermis as well as the under lying dermis, third degree burns destroy epidermis dermis and accessory organs of the skin.
(28)Describe possible treatments for a third degree burn? the only possible treatment would be autografting.
(29)List three effects of aging on the skin?
Thursday, January 31, 2008
Cell Video Questions
There are 5 basic life functions
Growth and Development
Nutrition
Reproduce
Respond to environment
Excertion
All living things have certain things in common
Adaptation to their environment
They grow and develop
Sensitive to environment
Reproduction
They are all created by god.
Cells
The building blocks of life are __cells______________________.
All cells in a human are not the same. Please give examples of at least two different types of cells in humans. Muscular and connective cells
Why are cells not the same? Because they all perform different functions
The first person to discover cells was ___Robert Hooke__ He called them cells because they looked like --mushrooms___ He first saw cells when he was looking at a piece of _Cork_ under a microscope.
The cell theory was created by ____Matthias Schliedens__and ___Theodor Schwann___________________________.
The three main ideas in the cell theory are
Cells are the basic unit of life
Living cells only come from other living cells
All living things are made up of cells
All cells arise from __Living Cells_________________
Unlike animal cells, plant cells contain the organelles ___________________________ and _______________________________.
All animal cells are covered in a cell ________nucleus_____. The function of this is to _protect the cell__ _________________________________________________________________.
The different parts of the cell are known as _organelles________. Each organelle has a specific function. The function of the nucleus is __to protect the nucleus______. The mitochondria are also known as the _powerhouse___of the cell because their function is to __generate most of the cell’s supply of ATP____________. Storage is the main function of the __lamellar bodies_____.
Bacteria are interesting organisms. Bacterial cells do not have a ____________________. Instead the chromosomes of the cell are located _____________________________________.
There are different types of transport used in cells as well. ______________________ is the movement of particles from high concentration to low concentration. Osmosis is different than this because it requires ________________________________________ and _____________________________.
What is the difference between active and passive transport?
What organelle makes the energy used in active transport?
Is a virus a living cell?
What is contained inside a virus?
What is the only life function of a virus?
Growth and Development
Nutrition
Reproduce
Respond to environment
Excertion
All living things have certain things in common
Adaptation to their environment
They grow and develop
Sensitive to environment
Reproduction
They are all created by god.
Cells
The building blocks of life are __cells______________________.
All cells in a human are not the same. Please give examples of at least two different types of cells in humans. Muscular and connective cells
Why are cells not the same? Because they all perform different functions
The first person to discover cells was ___Robert Hooke__ He called them cells because they looked like --mushrooms___ He first saw cells when he was looking at a piece of _Cork_ under a microscope.
The cell theory was created by ____Matthias Schliedens__and ___Theodor Schwann___________________________.
The three main ideas in the cell theory are
Cells are the basic unit of life
Living cells only come from other living cells
All living things are made up of cells
All cells arise from __Living Cells_________________
Unlike animal cells, plant cells contain the organelles ___________________________ and _______________________________.
All animal cells are covered in a cell ________nucleus_____. The function of this is to _protect the cell__ _________________________________________________________________.
The different parts of the cell are known as _organelles________. Each organelle has a specific function. The function of the nucleus is __to protect the nucleus______. The mitochondria are also known as the _powerhouse___of the cell because their function is to __generate most of the cell’s supply of ATP____________. Storage is the main function of the __lamellar bodies_____.
Bacteria are interesting organisms. Bacterial cells do not have a ____________________. Instead the chromosomes of the cell are located _____________________________________.
There are different types of transport used in cells as well. ______________________ is the movement of particles from high concentration to low concentration. Osmosis is different than this because it requires ________________________________________ and _____________________________.
What is the difference between active and passive transport?
What organelle makes the energy used in active transport?
Is a virus a living cell?
What is contained inside a virus?
What is the only life function of a virus?
Study Questions in Anatomy Text
Chapter 5: page 167
Review Questions
(1) Define Tissue? A group of similar cells that perform a specialized function
(2) Name the four major types of tissue found in the human body?
1 comparing nervous
2 connective
3 epithelial
4 muscular tissues
(12) Describe the general characteristics of connective tissue? Connective tissue is the most abundant and most widely distributed of the tissues. Connective tissues perform a variety of functions including support and protection. The following tissues are found in the human body, ordinary loose connective tissue, cartilage, bone, blood, and lymph, which are all considered connective tissue
Review Questions
(1) Define Tissue? A group of similar cells that perform a specialized function
(2) Name the four major types of tissue found in the human body?
1 comparing nervous
2 connective
3 epithelial
4 muscular tissues
(12) Describe the general characteristics of connective tissue? Connective tissue is the most abundant and most widely distributed of the tissues. Connective tissues perform a variety of functions including support and protection. The following tissues are found in the human body, ordinary loose connective tissue, cartilage, bone, blood, and lymph, which are all considered connective tissue
Chapter 3: page 107-108
Chapter 3: page 107-108
Critical Thinking
(1) Which process- diffusion ,osmosis , or filtration- accounts for the following situations
(A) Injection of a drug that is hypertonic to the tissues stimulates pain
(B) A person with extremely low blood pressure stops producing urine.
(C) The concentration of urea in the dialyzing fluid of an artificial kidney is kept low.
I think that the process of diffusion accounts for the following situations.
Review questions
(2)Describe how the shapes of nerve, epithelial, and muscle cells are well suited to their functions? These functions are well suited because the genes controlling neurotransmitter synthesis are activated
(3)Name the major components of a cell and describe how they interact? T-cell receptors and coreceptor molecules are both large proteins displayed on the surface of T cells, and they play an essential role during the beginning of an immune response. T cells become activated after their T-cell receptor recognizes antigen -- small pieces of foreign pathogens -- on the surface of other cells. Coreceptors, while they do not recognize foreign antigen, also bind to molecules on neighboring cells and help in T cell activation.
(12)
(13)Describe the structure of the nucleus and the functions of its contents? The neutron is an electrically neutral particle slightly heavier than the proton. They are present in numbers greater than or equal to the number of protons in every element except Hydrogen (whose nucleus is a single proton), and variations in the number of neutrons of elements account for isotopes.
(14)Distinguish between diffusion and facilitated diffusion. Facilitated diffusion is the substances moving through the membranes from a region of higher of concentration while diffusion is random movement from reg
Critical Thinking
(1) Which process- diffusion ,osmosis , or filtration- accounts for the following situations
(A) Injection of a drug that is hypertonic to the tissues stimulates pain
(B) A person with extremely low blood pressure stops producing urine.
(C) The concentration of urea in the dialyzing fluid of an artificial kidney is kept low.
I think that the process of diffusion accounts for the following situations.
Review questions
(2)Describe how the shapes of nerve, epithelial, and muscle cells are well suited to their functions? These functions are well suited because the genes controlling neurotransmitter synthesis are activated
(3)Name the major components of a cell and describe how they interact? T-cell receptors and coreceptor molecules are both large proteins displayed on the surface of T cells, and they play an essential role during the beginning of an immune response. T cells become activated after their T-cell receptor recognizes antigen -- small pieces of foreign pathogens -- on the surface of other cells. Coreceptors, while they do not recognize foreign antigen, also bind to molecules on neighboring cells and help in T cell activation.
(12)
(13)Describe the structure of the nucleus and the functions of its contents? The neutron is an electrically neutral particle slightly heavier than the proton. They are present in numbers greater than or equal to the number of protons in every element except Hydrogen (whose nucleus is a single proton), and variations in the number of neutrons of elements account for isotopes.
(14)Distinguish between diffusion and facilitated diffusion. Facilitated diffusion is the substances moving through the membranes from a region of higher of concentration while diffusion is random movement from reg
Study Questions in Anatomy Text
Study questions in anatomy text
Chapter 1: page 29Critical Thinking
(2)In health, body parts interact to maintain homostasis.Illness may threaten homostasis requiring treatments. What treatments might be used to help control a patients (A)Body temperature(B)blood oxygen concentration and (C)water content? I think the best medicine for that would be antibiotics from an heart medicine, or i would go and see an specialist for treatment.
(4)If a patient complained of a stomach ache and pointed to the umbilical region as the site of discomfort which organs located in this region might be the source of pain? I think the source of pain is coming from umbilical arteries
Review Answers
(2)Distinguish between anatomy and physiology? The difference between the two is anatomy is the study of dealing with the form and structure of body parts,while physiology is the study of body functions
(4)List and describe ten charateristics of life?
(1)movement- change in position of the body part motion of the internal organ
(2)Responsiveness-reaction to a change taking place inside or outside the body.
(3)growth-increase in body size without change in shape.
(4)reproduction-production of new organisms and cells
(5)respiration-obtaining oxygen using oxygen in releasing energy from foods and removing carbon dioxide.
(6)digestion-breakdown of food substance into simpler forms that can be absorbed and used
(7)absorption-passage of substances through membranes and into body fluids.
(8)circulation- movement of substances from place to place in body fluids
(9)assimilation-changing of absorbed substances into chemically different forms
(10)excretion-removal of wastes produced by metabolic reactions
(6) List and describe five requirements of organisms?
(1)Water-a chemical substance
(2)food- various chemical substances
(3)oxygen-a chemical substance
(4)heat- a form of energy
(5) pressure- a force
(7)Explain how the idea of homostasis relates to the five requirements you listed in item 6?It relates because homostasis is so important that most of our metabolic energy is spent on it
(11)Describe how homostatic mechanisms act by negative feedback? Homostatic mechanisms act on feedback because the mechanism regulates body temperature in humans. the thermostat is a temperature-sensitive region in a control center of the brain called hypohalamus. in an healthy person the set point for the thermostat is 98.6 degrees farenheit
(13)Distinguish between the axial and appendicular portions of the body?The Axial portion of the body includes the head neck and trunk,and the appendicular portion includes the upper and lower limbs.
(14)distinguish between the dorsal and ventral body cavities and name the smaller cavities within each?The difference between the two is the ventral cavity is a hollow place in the body that includes the thoracic, abdominal and pelvic cavitity, while the dorsal cavity is ahollow area in the posterior area of the body and it contains the cranial cavity and the vertebral canal.
Part B
(1)
(3)
Chapter 1: page 29Critical Thinking
(2)In health, body parts interact to maintain homostasis.Illness may threaten homostasis requiring treatments. What treatments might be used to help control a patients (A)Body temperature(B)blood oxygen concentration and (C)water content? I think the best medicine for that would be antibiotics from an heart medicine, or i would go and see an specialist for treatment.
(4)If a patient complained of a stomach ache and pointed to the umbilical region as the site of discomfort which organs located in this region might be the source of pain? I think the source of pain is coming from umbilical arteries
Review Answers
(2)Distinguish between anatomy and physiology? The difference between the two is anatomy is the study of dealing with the form and structure of body parts,while physiology is the study of body functions
(4)List and describe ten charateristics of life?
(1)movement- change in position of the body part motion of the internal organ
(2)Responsiveness-reaction to a change taking place inside or outside the body.
(3)growth-increase in body size without change in shape.
(4)reproduction-production of new organisms and cells
(5)respiration-obtaining oxygen using oxygen in releasing energy from foods and removing carbon dioxide.
(6)digestion-breakdown of food substance into simpler forms that can be absorbed and used
(7)absorption-passage of substances through membranes and into body fluids.
(8)circulation- movement of substances from place to place in body fluids
(9)assimilation-changing of absorbed substances into chemically different forms
(10)excretion-removal of wastes produced by metabolic reactions
(6) List and describe five requirements of organisms?
(1)Water-a chemical substance
(2)food- various chemical substances
(3)oxygen-a chemical substance
(4)heat- a form of energy
(5) pressure- a force
(7)Explain how the idea of homostasis relates to the five requirements you listed in item 6?It relates because homostasis is so important that most of our metabolic energy is spent on it
(11)Describe how homostatic mechanisms act by negative feedback? Homostatic mechanisms act on feedback because the mechanism regulates body temperature in humans. the thermostat is a temperature-sensitive region in a control center of the brain called hypohalamus. in an healthy person the set point for the thermostat is 98.6 degrees farenheit
(13)Distinguish between the axial and appendicular portions of the body?The Axial portion of the body includes the head neck and trunk,and the appendicular portion includes the upper and lower limbs.
(14)distinguish between the dorsal and ventral body cavities and name the smaller cavities within each?The difference between the two is the ventral cavity is a hollow place in the body that includes the thoracic, abdominal and pelvic cavitity, while the dorsal cavity is ahollow area in the posterior area of the body and it contains the cranial cavity and the vertebral canal.
Part B
(1)
(3)
Monday, January 28, 2008
Organization of the human body worksheet
(1)Explain the difference between anatomy and physiology. Physiology is the study of body functions, anatomy is the study of dealing with the form and structure of body parts.
(2)Please organize the following structures in order from smallest to largest: Cell, tissue, organ , system
(3)In the term physiology the suffix -logy means what? This suffix means the study of
(4)What is the type of membrane that lines all of the passages leading the exterior? Mucos
(5)What do you call a mass of cells that all perform the same function? Tissue
(6)What type of tissue is specialized for the conduction of nerve impulses? Nerve
(7)The term epidermis contains a prefix and a root term. What is the root in this word and what does it mean? What is the prefix in this word and what does it mean? Dermis: layer Epi: outer most
(8)The term cavity appears frequently in this lesson. What does it mean? Any hole or hollow area
(9)Name the four main types of tissue and describe their function. Epithellial : the skin Connective: Supports and protects bones, cartilage and adipose Muscle: specializing in contractiving Nerve: specialized for the conduction of neural impulses
(10)A cell is made of __cytoplasm________________ except for the nucleus which is made of __protoplasm________________.
(11)What type of membrane lines joint cavities and outer surfaces of bones? Fibrous
(12)What is an organ system? Several organs that work together to do the same thing
(13).Name the five types of membranes and where each is located. Cutaneous: membrane that forms the skin.Mucous: lines all the passageways that lead to the exterior of the bodyFibrous: lines all the joints cavities also cover the outer surface of bonesSerous: lines closed cavities and the organs that are in themFascia: covers muscles, lies below the dermis, clovers glands, blood vessels and nerve
(14)What is the function of the cell membrane? The nucleus? The membrane keeps the cytoplasm in and the nucleus controls growth repair and reproduction
(15)The cutaneous membrane is made of two distinct layers. Name each of these layers and describe what they are made of. Epidermis is made up of epithelial sheets of the coetaneous membrane dermis: the dermis is composed mainly of connective tissue and microscopic organs such as sweat glands and sebaceous gland
(2)Please organize the following structures in order from smallest to largest: Cell, tissue, organ , system
(3)In the term physiology the suffix -logy means what? This suffix means the study of
(4)What is the type of membrane that lines all of the passages leading the exterior? Mucos
(5)What do you call a mass of cells that all perform the same function? Tissue
(6)What type of tissue is specialized for the conduction of nerve impulses? Nerve
(7)The term epidermis contains a prefix and a root term. What is the root in this word and what does it mean? What is the prefix in this word and what does it mean? Dermis: layer Epi: outer most
(8)The term cavity appears frequently in this lesson. What does it mean? Any hole or hollow area
(9)Name the four main types of tissue and describe their function. Epithellial : the skin Connective: Supports and protects bones, cartilage and adipose Muscle: specializing in contractiving Nerve: specialized for the conduction of neural impulses
(10)A cell is made of __cytoplasm________________ except for the nucleus which is made of __protoplasm________________.
(11)What type of membrane lines joint cavities and outer surfaces of bones? Fibrous
(12)What is an organ system? Several organs that work together to do the same thing
(13).Name the five types of membranes and where each is located. Cutaneous: membrane that forms the skin.Mucous: lines all the passageways that lead to the exterior of the bodyFibrous: lines all the joints cavities also cover the outer surface of bonesSerous: lines closed cavities and the organs that are in themFascia: covers muscles, lies below the dermis, clovers glands, blood vessels and nerve
(14)What is the function of the cell membrane? The nucleus? The membrane keeps the cytoplasm in and the nucleus controls growth repair and reproduction
(15)The cutaneous membrane is made of two distinct layers. Name each of these layers and describe what they are made of. Epidermis is made up of epithelial sheets of the coetaneous membrane dermis: the dermis is composed mainly of connective tissue and microscopic organs such as sweat glands and sebaceous gland
Monday, January 14, 2008
roots prefixes and suffixes
adip-adipose-composed of animal fat,adipose tissue constitutes the fat of the meat.
bio -biopsy-to remove (living tissue) for diagnostic evaluation.I went to the hospital and the first thing they did was an biopsy.
capit -decapitate-to cut the head off;behead. Many people were decapitated during the french revolution.
cephal -cephalad-toward the head or anterior section
corp -corpus-the human or animal body when dead.I've been to plenty funeral's and seen many corpus
crani -cranium-part of the skull that encloses the brain.Inthe game of football they use helments to cover the cranium
dent -dental-of or pertaining to the teeth.I was in need to go the dental office toget my teeth cleaned
hist -histology-the anatomical study of microscopic structure of animal and plant tissue.When i go to college i want to study histology.
later -lateral-of relating to or situated on the side.I threw a lateral pass to john for a ten yard gain.
ocul -oculist-a physican who treats dieases of the eyes.My eye was hurting so i made an appointment with an oculist physican.
oste -osteoblast-a bone forming cell.Every living thing has osteoblast.
phag -phagocyte-a cell that engulfs and digest debris and invading microorganisms
pleur -pleura-the thin serious membrane around the lungs and inner wall of the chest
quad -quadriceps-a muscle of the thigh that extends the leg.I was put on the injury list because of a pulled quadricep.
stern -sternum- a flat bone that articulates with the clavicles and the first seven pairs of the ribs.When the police arrived the victims sternum was all over the pavement.
ab -abduct-to carry off a person illegaly or in secret by force.I was abducted by my girlfriends brother after a fight we had.
ad -adrenal-of or produced by the adrenal glands
angi -angiography- x-ray examination of blood vessels or lymphatics following injection of a radiopaque substance.
auto -autograft-a tissue or organ grafted into a new position
centi -centimeter-one 100th of a meter. i cut myself and it was a centimeter away from my vein.
circum -circumflex- to bend around.
dextro -dextrad-toward the right side.My head was hurting toward the dextrad side.
epi -epigastric-the upper middle region of thr abdomen.The crime lab specialist pulled the bullet from the victims epigastric.
ex -excision-to remove by as if cutting. A plate broke in my hand and made an excision on my index finger.
inter -interrenal-between the kidneys the internal body.A friend of mine sued the hospital because the released him with interrenal bleeding.
non -nonviable-not capable of living ,growing and developing as an embryo seed or plant.Everyone is nonviable before they are born
ortho -orthopedic-of or pertaining to orthopedics.my othopedic surgeon said i needed 3 months of rehab
path -pathology-the conditions and process of a diease.I went early for my check up because i had some questions about mt pathology
pseudo -pseudopod-temporary outgrowth used by some microorganisms as an organ of feeding locomotion. I had surgery and they used a pseudopod for a temporary sling.
sinistro -sinistrad-toward the left side.I got shot in my upper sinistrad
cide -aborticide-destruction of a fetus inside the uterus.My girlfriend didn't want to keep the baby so she had an aborticide.
itis -hepatitis-inflammation of the liver caused by a virus.My grandmother has had hepatitis for seven years.
logy -histology-branch of biology dealing with the study of tissue.When i go to clooege i want to study histology.
meter -millimeter-unit of length equal to one thousandth of a meter.Measurements in cooking are added in millimeters
plasty -osteoplasty-plastic surgery on a bone to repair a defect or loss.Michael jackson has had plenty of osteoplasty operations
scope-otoscope-an instrument for examining the external canal and tempanic membrane of the ear.I remember when i was younger i would go to the doctor and he would use an otoscope to look in my ear.
bio -biopsy-to remove (living tissue) for diagnostic evaluation.I went to the hospital and the first thing they did was an biopsy.
capit -decapitate-to cut the head off;behead. Many people were decapitated during the french revolution.
cephal -cephalad-toward the head or anterior section
corp -corpus-the human or animal body when dead.I've been to plenty funeral's and seen many corpus
crani -cranium-part of the skull that encloses the brain.Inthe game of football they use helments to cover the cranium
dent -dental-of or pertaining to the teeth.I was in need to go the dental office toget my teeth cleaned
hist -histology-the anatomical study of microscopic structure of animal and plant tissue.When i go to college i want to study histology.
later -lateral-of relating to or situated on the side.I threw a lateral pass to john for a ten yard gain.
ocul -oculist-a physican who treats dieases of the eyes.My eye was hurting so i made an appointment with an oculist physican.
oste -osteoblast-a bone forming cell.Every living thing has osteoblast.
phag -phagocyte-a cell that engulfs and digest debris and invading microorganisms
pleur -pleura-the thin serious membrane around the lungs and inner wall of the chest
quad -quadriceps-a muscle of the thigh that extends the leg.I was put on the injury list because of a pulled quadricep.
stern -sternum- a flat bone that articulates with the clavicles and the first seven pairs of the ribs.When the police arrived the victims sternum was all over the pavement.
ab -abduct-to carry off a person illegaly or in secret by force.I was abducted by my girlfriends brother after a fight we had.
ad -adrenal-of or produced by the adrenal glands
angi -angiography- x-ray examination of blood vessels or lymphatics following injection of a radiopaque substance.
auto -autograft-a tissue or organ grafted into a new position
centi -centimeter-one 100th of a meter. i cut myself and it was a centimeter away from my vein.
circum -circumflex- to bend around.
dextro -dextrad-toward the right side.My head was hurting toward the dextrad side.
epi -epigastric-the upper middle region of thr abdomen.The crime lab specialist pulled the bullet from the victims epigastric.
ex -excision-to remove by as if cutting. A plate broke in my hand and made an excision on my index finger.
inter -interrenal-between the kidneys the internal body.A friend of mine sued the hospital because the released him with interrenal bleeding.
non -nonviable-not capable of living ,growing and developing as an embryo seed or plant.Everyone is nonviable before they are born
ortho -orthopedic-of or pertaining to orthopedics.my othopedic surgeon said i needed 3 months of rehab
path -pathology-the conditions and process of a diease.I went early for my check up because i had some questions about mt pathology
pseudo -pseudopod-temporary outgrowth used by some microorganisms as an organ of feeding locomotion. I had surgery and they used a pseudopod for a temporary sling.
sinistro -sinistrad-toward the left side.I got shot in my upper sinistrad
cide -aborticide-destruction of a fetus inside the uterus.My girlfriend didn't want to keep the baby so she had an aborticide.
itis -hepatitis-inflammation of the liver caused by a virus.My grandmother has had hepatitis for seven years.
logy -histology-branch of biology dealing with the study of tissue.When i go to clooege i want to study histology.
meter -millimeter-unit of length equal to one thousandth of a meter.Measurements in cooking are added in millimeters
plasty -osteoplasty-plastic surgery on a bone to repair a defect or loss.Michael jackson has had plenty of osteoplasty operations
scope-otoscope-an instrument for examining the external canal and tempanic membrane of the ear.I remember when i was younger i would go to the doctor and he would use an otoscope to look in my ear.
Thursday, January 10, 2008
Terms
frontal plane- Pertaining to the forehead
sagittal plane – A plane or section that divides a structure into the right and left portions.
transverse plane –at right angles to the long axis of a part; crosswise
medial –toward or near the midline
superficial –near the surface
superior –Pertaining to the structure that is higher than another structure
inferior –situated below something else; pertaining to the lower surface of a part
anterior –Pertaining to the front
posterior –opposite of anterior; toward the back
distal –farther from the midline or origin ; opposite of proximal
proximal –closer to the midline ; opposite of distal
flexion –bending at a joint to decrease the angle between bones
extension –movement increasing the angle between parts of a joint
pronation – movement of the palm downward or backward
supine –rotation of the forearm so that the palm faces upward when the arm is outstretched
abduction –movement of the body part away the midline
adduction – movement of the body toward the midline
circumduction –movement of a body part ,such as a limb , so that the end follows a circular path
inversion –movement of the sole in which it is turned inward
eversion –outward turning movement of the sole of the foot
elevation –upward movement of a part of the body
depression –downward displacement
anatomical position – a body posture with the body erect , the face forward , the arms at the side with the palms facing forward and the toes pointing
dorsal – on the rear of the back
ventral –pertaining to the front or anterior
interior –on the inside
exterior –on the outside
peripheral –pertaining to the parts located near the surface or toward the outside
lateral-pertaining to the side.
sagittal plane – A plane or section that divides a structure into the right and left portions.
transverse plane –at right angles to the long axis of a part; crosswise
medial –toward or near the midline
superficial –near the surface
superior –Pertaining to the structure that is higher than another structure
inferior –situated below something else; pertaining to the lower surface of a part
anterior –Pertaining to the front
posterior –opposite of anterior; toward the back
distal –farther from the midline or origin ; opposite of proximal
proximal –closer to the midline ; opposite of distal
flexion –bending at a joint to decrease the angle between bones
extension –movement increasing the angle between parts of a joint
pronation – movement of the palm downward or backward
supine –rotation of the forearm so that the palm faces upward when the arm is outstretched
abduction –movement of the body part away the midline
adduction – movement of the body toward the midline
circumduction –movement of a body part ,such as a limb , so that the end follows a circular path
inversion –movement of the sole in which it is turned inward
eversion –outward turning movement of the sole of the foot
elevation –upward movement of a part of the body
depression –downward displacement
anatomical position – a body posture with the body erect , the face forward , the arms at the side with the palms facing forward and the toes pointing
dorsal – on the rear of the back
ventral –pertaining to the front or anterior
interior –on the inside
exterior –on the outside
peripheral –pertaining to the parts located near the surface or toward the outside
lateral-pertaining to the side.
My answers
1. My favorite color is red
2.I have seven siblings four brothers and three sisters
3.I a'm currently unemployed at the time
4.I do my service learning at school
5. Something that is unique about me is that i have a great sense of humor and i can make music that people can vibe to.
2.I have seven siblings four brothers and three sisters
3.I a'm currently unemployed at the time
4.I do my service learning at school
5. Something that is unique about me is that i have a great sense of humor and i can make music that people can vibe to.
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