Cell Video Questions

There are 5 basic life functions
Growth and Development
Nutrition
Reproduce
Respond to environment
Excertion
All living things have certain things in common
Adaptation to their environment
They grow and develop
Sensitive to environment
Reproduction
They are all created by god.
Cells
The building blocks of life are __cells______________________.
All cells in a human are not the same. Please give examples of at least two different types of cells in humans. Muscular and connective cells
Why are cells not the same? Because they all perform different functions
The first person to discover cells was ___Robert Hooke__ He called them cells because they looked like --mushrooms___ He first saw cells when he was looking at a piece of _Cork_ under a microscope.
The cell theory was created by ____Matthias Schliedens__and ___Theodor Schwann___________________________.
The three main ideas in the cell theory are
Cells are the basic unit of life
Living cells only come from other living cells
All living things are made up of cells
All cells arise from __Living Cells_________________
Unlike animal cells, plant cells contain the organelles ___________________________ and _______________________________.
All animal cells are covered in a cell ________nucleus_____. The function of this is to _protect the cell__ _________________________________________________________________.
The different parts of the cell are known as _organelles________. Each organelle has a specific function. The function of the nucleus is __to protect the nucleus______. The mitochondria are also known as the _powerhouse___of the cell because their function is to __generate most of the cell’s supply of ATP____________. Storage is the main function of the __lamellar bodies_____.
Bacteria are interesting organisms. Bacterial cells do not have a ____________________. Instead the chromosomes of the cell are located _____________________________________.
There are different types of transport used in cells as well. ______________________ is the movement of particles from high concentration to low concentration. Osmosis is different than this because it requires ________________________________________ and _____________________________.
What is the difference between active and passive transport?
What organelle makes the energy used in active transport?
Is a virus a living cell?
What is contained inside a virus?
What is the only life function of a virus?

Study Questions in Anatomy Text

Chapter 5: page 167

Review Questions
(1) Define Tissue? A group of similar cells that perform a specialized function
(2) Name the four major types of tissue found in the human body?
1 comparing nervous
2 connective
3 epithelial
4 muscular tissues

(12) Describe the general characteristics of connective tissue? Connective tissue is the most abundant and most widely distributed of the tissues. Connective tissues perform a variety of functions including support and protection. The following tissues are found in the human body, ordinary loose connective tissue, cartilage, bone, blood, and lymph, which are all considered connective tissue

Chapter 3: page 107-108

Chapter 3: page 107-108

Critical Thinking
(1) Which process- diffusion ,osmosis , or filtration- accounts for the following situations
(A) Injection of a drug that is hypertonic to the tissues stimulates pain
(B) A person with extremely low blood pressure stops producing urine.
(C) The concentration of urea in the dialyzing fluid of an artificial kidney is kept low.
I think that the process of diffusion accounts for the following situations.

Review questions

(2)Describe how the shapes of nerve, epithelial, and muscle cells are well suited to their functions? These functions are well suited because the genes controlling neurotransmitter synthesis are activated
(3)Name the major components of a cell and describe how they interact? T-cell receptors and coreceptor molecules are both large proteins displayed on the surface of T cells, and they play an essential role during the beginning of an immune response. T cells become activated after their T-cell receptor recognizes antigen -- small pieces of foreign pathogens -- on the surface of other cells. Coreceptors, while they do not recognize foreign antigen, also bind to molecules on neighboring cells and help in T cell activation.
(12)
(13)Describe the structure of the nucleus and the functions of its contents? The neutron is an electrically neutral particle slightly heavier than the proton. They are present in numbers greater than or equal to the number of protons in every element except Hydrogen (whose nucleus is a single proton), and variations in the number of neutrons of elements account for isotopes.
(14)Distinguish between diffusion and facilitated diffusion. Facilitated diffusion is the substances moving through the membranes from a region of higher of concentration while diffusion is random movement from reg

Study Questions in Anatomy Text

Study questions in anatomy text
Chapter 1: page 29Critical Thinking
(2)In health, body parts interact to maintain homostasis.Illness may threaten homostasis requiring treatments. What treatments might be used to help control a patients (A)Body temperature(B)blood oxygen concentration and (C)water content? I think the best medicine for that would be antibiotics from an heart medicine, or i would go and see an specialist for treatment.
(4)If a patient complained of a stomach ache and pointed to the umbilical region as the site of discomfort which organs located in this region might be the source of pain? I think the source of pain is coming from umbilical arteries

Review Answers

(2)Distinguish between anatomy and physiology? The difference between the two is anatomy is the study of dealing with the form and structure of body parts,while physiology is the study of body functions
(4)List and describe ten charateristics of life?
(1)movement- change in position of the body part motion of the internal organ
(2)Responsiveness-reaction to a change taking place inside or outside the body.
(3)growth-increase in body size without change in shape.
(4)reproduction-production of new organisms and cells
(5)respiration-obtaining oxygen using oxygen in releasing energy from foods and removing carbon dioxide.
(6)digestion-breakdown of food substance into simpler forms that can be absorbed and used
(7)absorption-passage of substances through membranes and into body fluids.
(8)circulation- movement of substances from place to place in body fluids
(9)assimilation-changing of absorbed substances into chemically different forms
(10)excretion-removal of wastes produced by metabolic reactions
(6) List and describe five requirements of organisms?
(1)Water-a chemical substance
(2)food- various chemical substances
(3)oxygen-a chemical substance
(4)heat- a form of energy
(5) pressure- a force
(7)Explain how the idea of homostasis relates to the five requirements you listed in item 6?It relates because homostasis is so important that most of our metabolic energy is spent on it
(11)Describe how homostatic mechanisms act by negative feedback? Homostatic mechanisms act on feedback because the mechanism regulates body temperature in humans. the thermostat is a temperature-sensitive region in a control center of the brain called hypohalamus. in an healthy person the set point for the thermostat is 98.6 degrees farenheit
(13)Distinguish between the axial and appendicular portions of the body?The Axial portion of the body includes the head neck and trunk,and the appendicular portion includes the upper and lower limbs.
(14)distinguish between the dorsal and ventral body cavities and name the smaller cavities within each?The difference between the two is the ventral cavity is a hollow place in the body that includes the thoracic, abdominal and pelvic cavitity, while the dorsal cavity is ahollow area in the posterior area of the body and it contains the cranial cavity and the vertebral canal.
Part B
(1)
(3)

Organization of the human body worksheet

(1)Explain the difference between anatomy and physiology. Physiology is the study of body functions, anatomy is the study of dealing with the form and structure of body parts.
(2)Please organize the following structures in order from smallest to largest: Cell, tissue, organ , system
(3)In the term physiology the suffix -logy means what? This suffix means the study of
(4)What is the type of membrane that lines all of the passages leading the exterior? Mucos
(5)What do you call a mass of cells that all perform the same function? Tissue
(6)What type of tissue is specialized for the conduction of nerve impulses? Nerve
(7)The term epidermis contains a prefix and a root term. What is the root in this word and what does it mean? What is the prefix in this word and what does it mean? Dermis: layer Epi: outer most
(8)The term cavity appears frequently in this lesson. What does it mean? Any hole or hollow area
(9)Name the four main types of tissue and describe their function. Epithellial : the skin Connective: Supports and protects bones, cartilage and adipose Muscle: specializing in contractiving Nerve: specialized for the conduction of neural impulses
(10)A cell is made of __cytoplasm________________ except for the nucleus which is made of __protoplasm________________.
(11)What type of membrane lines joint cavities and outer surfaces of bones? Fibrous
(12)What is an organ system? Several organs that work together to do the same thing
(13).Name the five types of membranes and where each is located. Cutaneous: membrane that forms the skin.Mucous: lines all the passageways that lead to the exterior of the bodyFibrous: lines all the joints cavities also cover the outer surface of bonesSerous: lines closed cavities and the organs that are in themFascia: covers muscles, lies below the dermis, clovers glands, blood vessels and nerve
(14)What is the function of the cell membrane? The nucleus? The membrane keeps the cytoplasm in and the nucleus controls growth repair and reproduction
(15)The cutaneous membrane is made of two distinct layers. Name each of these layers and describe what they are made of. Epidermis is made up of epithelial sheets of the coetaneous membrane dermis: the dermis is composed mainly of connective tissue and microscopic organs such as sweat glands and sebaceous gland

roots prefixes and suffixes

adip-adipose-composed of animal fat,adipose tissue constitutes the fat of the meat.
bio -biopsy-to remove (living tissue) for diagnostic evaluation.I went to the hospital and the first thing they did was an biopsy.
capit -decapitate-to cut the head off;behead. Many people were decapitated during the french revolution.
cephal -cephalad-toward the head or anterior section
corp -corpus-the human or animal body when dead.I've been to plenty funeral's and seen many corpus
crani -cranium-part of the skull that encloses the brain.Inthe game of football they use helments to cover the cranium
dent -dental-of or pertaining to the teeth.I was in need to go the dental office toget my teeth cleaned
hist -histology-the anatomical study of microscopic structure of animal and plant tissue.When i go to college i want to study histology.
later -lateral-of relating to or situated on the side.I threw a lateral pass to john for a ten yard gain.
ocul -oculist-a physican who treats dieases of the eyes.My eye was hurting so i made an appointment with an oculist physican.
oste -osteoblast-a bone forming cell.Every living thing has osteoblast.
phag -phagocyte-a cell that engulfs and digest debris and invading microorganisms
pleur -pleura-the thin serious membrane around the lungs and inner wall of the chest
quad -quadriceps-a muscle of the thigh that extends the leg.I was put on the injury list because of a pulled quadricep.
stern -sternum- a flat bone that articulates with the clavicles and the first seven pairs of the ribs.When the police arrived the victims sternum was all over the pavement.
ab -abduct-to carry off a person illegaly or in secret by force.I was abducted by my girlfriends brother after a fight we had.
ad -adrenal-of or produced by the adrenal glands
angi -angiography- x-ray examination of blood vessels or lymphatics following injection of a radiopaque substance.
auto -autograft-a tissue or organ grafted into a new position
centi -centimeter-one 100th of a meter. i cut myself and it was a centimeter away from my vein.
circum -circumflex- to bend around.
dextro -dextrad-toward the right side.My head was hurting toward the dextrad side.
epi -epigastric-the upper middle region of thr abdomen.The crime lab specialist pulled the bullet from the victims epigastric.
ex -excision-to remove by as if cutting. A plate broke in my hand and made an excision on my index finger.
inter -interrenal-between the kidneys the internal body.A friend of mine sued the hospital because the released him with interrenal bleeding.
non -nonviable-not capable of living ,growing and developing as an embryo seed or plant.Everyone is nonviable before they are born
ortho -orthopedic-of or pertaining to orthopedics.my othopedic surgeon said i needed 3 months of rehab
path -pathology-the conditions and process of a diease.I went early for my check up because i had some questions about mt pathology
pseudo -pseudopod-temporary outgrowth used by some microorganisms as an organ of feeding locomotion. I had surgery and they used a pseudopod for a temporary sling.
sinistro -sinistrad-toward the left side.I got shot in my upper sinistrad
cide -aborticide-destruction of a fetus inside the uterus.My girlfriend didn't want to keep the baby so she had an aborticide.
itis -hepatitis-inflammation of the liver caused by a virus.My grandmother has had hepatitis for seven years.
logy -histology-branch of biology dealing with the study of tissue.When i go to clooege i want to study histology.
meter -millimeter-unit of length equal to one thousandth of a meter.Measurements in cooking are added in millimeters
plasty -osteoplasty-plastic surgery on a bone to repair a defect or loss.Michael jackson has had plenty of osteoplasty operations
scope-otoscope-an instrument for examining the external canal and tempanic membrane of the ear.I remember when i was younger i would go to the doctor and he would use an otoscope to look in my ear.

Terms

frontal plane- Pertaining to the forehead
sagittal plane – A plane or section that divides a structure into the right and left portions.
transverse plane –at right angles to the long axis of a part; crosswise
medial –toward or near the midline
superficial –near the surface
superior –Pertaining to the structure that is higher than another structure
inferior –situated below something else; pertaining to the lower surface of a part
anterior –Pertaining to the front
posterior –opposite of anterior; toward the back
distal –farther from the midline or origin ; opposite of proximal
proximal –closer to the midline ; opposite of distal
flexion –bending at a joint to decrease the angle between bones
extension –movement increasing the angle between parts of a joint
pronation – movement of the palm downward or backward
supine –rotation of the forearm so that the palm faces upward when the arm is outstretched
abduction –movement of the body part away the midline
adduction – movement of the body toward the midline
circumduction –movement of a body part ,such as a limb , so that the end follows a circular path
inversion –movement of the sole in which it is turned inward
eversion –outward turning movement of the sole of the foot
elevation –upward movement of a part of the body
depression –downward displacement
anatomical position – a body posture with the body erect , the face forward , the arms at the side with the palms facing forward and the toes pointing
dorsal – on the rear of the back
ventral –pertaining to the front or anterior
interior –on the inside
exterior –on the outside
peripheral –pertaining to the parts located near the surface or toward the outside
lateral-pertaining to the side.