PG 735-736
Critical Thinking
(3) What effect is a before-dinner alcoholic cocktail likely to have on digestion? Why are such beverages inadvisable for persons with ulcers? They are inadvisable because your body will get dehydrated before you eat so it will take your body longer to digest.
REVIEW QUESTIONS
(1) List and describe the locations of the major parts of the alimentary canal. Stomach small intestine large intetine.
(2)Name the four layers of the wall of the alimentary canal? esophagus stomach small intestine large intestine rectum
(5) Define Peristalsis? Mucous membrane , submucosa, muscular layer, serosa
(7)Describe the general effects of the parasympathetic and synpathetic impulses on the alimentary canal? Parasympathetic increases the activities of the digestive system, Sympathetic is the opposite.
(12)Describe the structure of a tooth?Enamel crown, dentin, pulp cavity gingiva alveolar, root canal root cementum
Explain the mechanism of vomitting? Results from a complex reflex that empties the stomach another way. irration or distension in the stomach or intestines can trigger it.
PG 855
REVIEW QUESTIONS
(1)Name the organsof the urinary system and list their general functions?kidneys ureters urethra bladder.
(3)List the functions of the kidney? Produce urine
(9)Distinguish among filtration reabsorption and secretion as they relate to urine formation?They all work together to keep your body balanced.
(16)Define autoregulation? ability of an organ or tissue to maintain a constant blood flow in spite of changing arterial blood pressure.
(34)Describe the structure and function of a ureter? Carries urine from kidney to bladder.
(36)Discuss what happens if ureter becomes obstructed? You will get a kidney infection.
(37)Describe the structure and location of the urinary bladder? Stores urine until the ready to be extracted.
(40) Compare the urethra of a female with that of a male? The female is alot shorter than the male also the male has two functions , urinate and ejaculate.
Tuesday, April 22, 2008
Thursday, April 17, 2008
Basic urinary anatomy worksheet
(1)What are three functions of the kidneys?Filters all matter from the blood not just waste products selectively reabsorbs all the substances that the body can make use of eliments waste products in blood form the urine
(2)What is the protective layer around the kidney?peri-renal capsule
(3)What is the outer layer of the kidney?cortex
(4)What is the urine collection system of the kidney?medulla
(5)What is the dilated end of the ureters called?pelvis
(6)What is the function of the bladder?to store urine
(7)What transports urine in males? Females? the urethra transports urine in males and females the only diffrence is the females urethra dosen't transport semen and is only 1.5-2in length instead of 7-8 in.
(2)What is the protective layer around the kidney?peri-renal capsule
(3)What is the outer layer of the kidney?cortex
(4)What is the urine collection system of the kidney?medulla
(5)What is the dilated end of the ureters called?pelvis
(6)What is the function of the bladder?to store urine
(7)What transports urine in males? Females? the urethra transports urine in males and females the only diffrence is the females urethra dosen't transport semen and is only 1.5-2in length instead of 7-8 in.
The digestive system worksheet
(1)What is the digestive tract? A long, continuous tube with food first entering at the mouth
(2)What happens to undigested materials in the digestive tract? It exits out the anus along with dead cells, bacteria and other waste products
.3. Sketch the path that food takes through the digestive tract. Be sure to include the mouth, esophagus, stomach, duodenum, small intestine, appendix, large intestine rectum, and all 4 sphincters.
4. What is the function of the mouth in the digestion process? It brings the food into the body and breaks it down.
5. What is the term for the small mass of food that enters into the esophagus? Bolus
6. What triggers peristalsis? The presence of the bolus in the esophagus.
7. What is the function of the cardiac sphincter? It closes the entrance to the stomach and prevents its contents from re-entering the esophagus.
8. What is the mucous membrane? A protective layer that lines the entire digestive tract.
9. How long is the small intestine? Over 20 feet.
10. Where does most digestion and absorption of nutrients take place? In the small intestine.
11. What increase the surface area of the small intestine? Villi
12. What is the first section of the small intestine? What is its function? The duodenum. its receptors can detect the presences of hypo- and hyper-tonic solutions, acid and chemical changes in the chyme which, via the duodenum, affect the action of the entire gastrointestinal tract.
13. Where is bile stored? In the gallbladder
14. What is segmentation? A muscle contraction that breaks up the intestinal contents and mixes them with the digestive juices.
15. When does the ileocecal sphincter open? When the amount of food in the small intestine begins to build up.
16. What is the function of the anal sphincter? Stops waste from leaving the body until you want it to.
17. What is the function of the appendix in humans? There is no function for it in humans.
18. Where does digestion begin? In the mouth
19. What is gastric juice made of? A mixture of hydrochloric acid
20. Where are enzymes released in the small intestine produced? By the pancreas or the the intestinal glands
21. What is the function of the following enzymes: amylase, lactase, maltase, sucrase, and lipase? Amylase- completes the process of hydrolyzing starch; Maltase
22. There are two ways that nutrients get into the blood stream. Describe each method. Some diffuse across the intestinal membranes and into the blood simply by flowing along the concetration gradient. Others must be forced through the membrane against a gradient, since their concentration in the blood is alreadt greater than it is in the intestinal lumen.
(2)What happens to undigested materials in the digestive tract? It exits out the anus along with dead cells, bacteria and other waste products
.3. Sketch the path that food takes through the digestive tract. Be sure to include the mouth, esophagus, stomach, duodenum, small intestine, appendix, large intestine rectum, and all 4 sphincters.
4. What is the function of the mouth in the digestion process? It brings the food into the body and breaks it down.
5. What is the term for the small mass of food that enters into the esophagus? Bolus
6. What triggers peristalsis? The presence of the bolus in the esophagus.
7. What is the function of the cardiac sphincter? It closes the entrance to the stomach and prevents its contents from re-entering the esophagus.
8. What is the mucous membrane? A protective layer that lines the entire digestive tract.
9. How long is the small intestine? Over 20 feet.
10. Where does most digestion and absorption of nutrients take place? In the small intestine.
11. What increase the surface area of the small intestine? Villi
12. What is the first section of the small intestine? What is its function? The duodenum. its receptors can detect the presences of hypo- and hyper-tonic solutions, acid and chemical changes in the chyme which, via the duodenum, affect the action of the entire gastrointestinal tract.
13. Where is bile stored? In the gallbladder
14. What is segmentation? A muscle contraction that breaks up the intestinal contents and mixes them with the digestive juices.
15. When does the ileocecal sphincter open? When the amount of food in the small intestine begins to build up.
16. What is the function of the anal sphincter? Stops waste from leaving the body until you want it to.
17. What is the function of the appendix in humans? There is no function for it in humans.
18. Where does digestion begin? In the mouth
19. What is gastric juice made of? A mixture of hydrochloric acid
20. Where are enzymes released in the small intestine produced? By the pancreas or the the intestinal glands
21. What is the function of the following enzymes: amylase, lactase, maltase, sucrase, and lipase? Amylase- completes the process of hydrolyzing starch; Maltase
22. There are two ways that nutrients get into the blood stream. Describe each method. Some diffuse across the intestinal membranes and into the blood simply by flowing along the concetration gradient. Others must be forced through the membrane against a gradient, since their concentration in the blood is alreadt greater than it is in the intestinal lumen.
Monday, April 7, 2008
Basic Respiratory Worksheet
(1)What are the two entrances for oxygen to enter the respiratory system? Nose and mouth
(2)Where does the air go to from the nose and mouth? pharynx
(3)In between the pharynx and the trachea what structure does this lesson leave out? larynx
(4)Where is the trachea located in reference to the esophagus? anterior
(5)What structures moisten the air in the Respiratory System? Nose and mouth
(6)What is the name for the small air sacs at the end of the bronchioles? alveoli
(7)Where does gas exchange take place in the lungs? The capillaries
(8)What is the main muscle of respiration? diaphragm
(9)What happens when we inhale? Exhale? The diaphragm contracts;the diaphragm relaxes
(10)Sketch a picture of the respiratory system. Include the following structures: nose, mouth, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchus, bronchioles, alveoli and lungs.
(2)Where does the air go to from the nose and mouth? pharynx
(3)In between the pharynx and the trachea what structure does this lesson leave out? larynx
(4)Where is the trachea located in reference to the esophagus? anterior
(5)What structures moisten the air in the Respiratory System? Nose and mouth
(6)What is the name for the small air sacs at the end of the bronchioles? alveoli
(7)Where does gas exchange take place in the lungs? The capillaries
(8)What is the main muscle of respiration? diaphragm
(9)What happens when we inhale? Exhale? The diaphragm contracts;the diaphragm relaxes
(10)Sketch a picture of the respiratory system. Include the following structures: nose, mouth, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchus, bronchioles, alveoli and lungs.
The heart worksheet
(1)All vertebrates have what type of circulatory system? Closed circulatory system
(2)How does the circulatory system maintain homeostasis? Through water and electrolyte transport, fluid volume control, and regulation of ph and of body temp.
(3)Name 4 functions of the circulatory system. Heart- central organ of circulatory system, Arteries- which carry blood from the heart, Veins – which return blood to the heart, Capillaries- which connect arteries and veins.
(4)What are blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart called? Arteries
(5)What are blood vessels that carry blood to the heart called? Veins
(6)What is the sac that surrounds the heart called? pericardium
(7)What is the muscular portion of the heart called? Myocardium
(8)What is the lining of the myocardium called? Endocardium
(9)What is the name of the upper cavities of the heart? The lower cavities? Upper cavities- atria(singular atrium) lower cavities- ventricles
(10)What veins carry blood to the left atrium? The right atrium? The superior vena cava and inferior vena cava carry blood to the right atrium. The pulmonary veins carry’s blood to the left atrium
(11)What arteries carry blood away from the left ventricle? The right ventricle? The pulmonary artery on the right side. The aorta on the left side
(2)How does the circulatory system maintain homeostasis? Through water and electrolyte transport, fluid volume control, and regulation of ph and of body temp.
(3)Name 4 functions of the circulatory system. Heart- central organ of circulatory system, Arteries- which carry blood from the heart, Veins – which return blood to the heart, Capillaries- which connect arteries and veins.
(4)What are blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart called? Arteries
(5)What are blood vessels that carry blood to the heart called? Veins
(6)What is the sac that surrounds the heart called? pericardium
(7)What is the muscular portion of the heart called? Myocardium
(8)What is the lining of the myocardium called? Endocardium
(9)What is the name of the upper cavities of the heart? The lower cavities? Upper cavities- atria(singular atrium) lower cavities- ventricles
(10)What veins carry blood to the left atrium? The right atrium? The superior vena cava and inferior vena cava carry blood to the right atrium. The pulmonary veins carry’s blood to the left atrium
(11)What arteries carry blood away from the left ventricle? The right ventricle? The pulmonary artery on the right side. The aorta on the left side
Monday, March 24, 2008
Basic eye anatomy worksheet
(1)The eye is part of which nervous system? central
(2)What types of tissues give the eye protection? Fatty and connective
(3)What structure in the eye produces tears? Lacrimal glands
(4)What acts as an antibacterial layer in the eye? The conjunctiva
(5)What is the cornea? The anterior portion of the sclera
(6)What layer of the eye contains the rods and cones? The retina
(7)What is the function of the rods? The cones? Rods for night vision; cones for daylight vision and color vision
(8)What is the colored part of the eye? The iris
(9)What structure allows light to enter the eye? The pupil
(10)Sketch picture of eye with following labeled: lacrimal glands, eyelashes, iris, pupil, cornea, lens, eyelid, sclera, choroids, optic nerve, and
(2)What types of tissues give the eye protection? Fatty and connective
(3)What structure in the eye produces tears? Lacrimal glands
(4)What acts as an antibacterial layer in the eye? The conjunctiva
(5)What is the cornea? The anterior portion of the sclera
(6)What layer of the eye contains the rods and cones? The retina
(7)What is the function of the rods? The cones? Rods for night vision; cones for daylight vision and color vision
(8)What is the colored part of the eye? The iris
(9)What structure allows light to enter the eye? The pupil
(10)Sketch picture of eye with following labeled: lacrimal glands, eyelashes, iris, pupil, cornea, lens, eyelid, sclera, choroids, optic nerve, and
Basic ear anatomy worksheet
(1)
(2)What is the function of the following:
Pinna –Directs sound waves into the auditory canal
tympanic membrane –turns sound waves into sound vibrations
ossicles –magnify’s the sound vibrations
cochlea –movement of the fluids
semicircular canals-Balance of the body, sends impulses to the brain to let it know your body is off balance, your brain would send a message out of your body to correct itself
(3)What three bones make up the ossicles? The Malleus, the incus, and the stapes
(4)What is the function of hairs in the ear? They stimulate nerve impulses to be sent to the brain by way of the auditory nerve
(2)What is the function of the following:
Pinna –Directs sound waves into the auditory canal
tympanic membrane –turns sound waves into sound vibrations
ossicles –magnify’s the sound vibrations
cochlea –movement of the fluids
semicircular canals-Balance of the body, sends impulses to the brain to let it know your body is off balance, your brain would send a message out of your body to correct itself
(3)What three bones make up the ossicles? The Malleus, the incus, and the stapes
(4)What is the function of hairs in the ear? They stimulate nerve impulses to be sent to the brain by way of the auditory nerve
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